For instance, κόσμος would be divided koʹsmos. If this same combination of consonants can be used to start a Greek word, it may also begin a syllable. (2) Sometimes a combination of consonants appears in the middle of a Greek word. In syllable division, the following rules have been observed: (1) When a single consonant occurs in the middle of a word, it is placed with the following vowel in the next syllable. Πνεύμα ( pneuʹma) has one diphthong ( eu) and one other vowel ( a) and thus has two syllables. The two vowels of a diphthong make one syllable, not two. Thus λόγος ( loʹgos) has two vowels and therefore two syllables. A Greek word has as many syllables as it has vowels or diphthongs. SyllablesĪs an aid to pronunciation, either a dot or the accent mark is used to separate all syllables in transliterations. Λόγος is thus marked loʹgos ζῶον would be zoʹon. However, in this publication the accent mark in transliterations comes at the end of the accented syllable, and only one mark is used for all three types of Greek accents. In the Greek these appear over the vowel of the syllables they accentuate. There are three types of accents in Greek: the acute (΄), the circumflex ( ͏̑ or ͏͂), and the grave (`). oʹta (or i) is not placed below the line, but next to and following the letter under which it appears.In transliterating these Greek forms the I lon with a diaeresis is transliterated y, not u, as in the following instances:.The diaeresis shows that it does not really form a diphthong with the vowel preceding it. However, there are occasions when what may at first appear to be a diphthong will have a diaeresis ( ͏̈) over the second letter. lon (υ) is an exception, as in the following instances:.The above general rule of letter-for-letter substitution also applies to most diphthongs. This is also true of the Greek vowels, a for α, e for ε, e for η, i for ι, o for ο, y for υ, and o for ω. In most instances it is simply a letter-for-letter substitution, b for β, g for γ, and so on. Transliteration has reference to the spelling of Greek words with letters of the English alphabet. 7D Greek Alphabet and Transliterations Greek Alphabet